The biosynthesis of vitamin D. Topics covered are HMG-CoA Reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) mechanism and structure, squalene synthesis, lanosterol synthesis, 7-dehydrocholesterol synthesis, and the heme dependent vitamin D 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1).
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Blog – The Cynical Philosopher
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My science fiction series available on Amazon
Incarnate: Existence
Incarnate: Essence
Incarnate: Schism
References and Resources:
Vitamin D Fact Sheet:
10 years of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D testing by LC-MS/MS-trends in vitamin-D deficiency and sufficiency:
Vitamin D in plants: A review of occurrence, analysis, and biosynthesis:
Crystal structure of the catalytic portion of human HMG-CoA reductase: insights into regulation of activity and catalysis:
Crystal structure of archaeal HMG-CoA reductase: insights into structural changes of the C-terminal helix of the class-I enzyme:
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–CoA synthase intermediate complex observed in ‘‘real-time’’:
The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductases:
Control of Cholesterol Synthesis through Regulated ER-Associated Degradation of HMG CoA Reductase:
Substrate-induced closure of the flap domain in the ternary complex structures provides insights into the mechanism of catalysis by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase:
Squalene Synthase As a Target for Chagas Disease Therapeutics:
A key mammalian cholesterol synthesis enzyme, squalene monooxygenase, is allosterically stabilized by its substrate:
Inhibition of 2,3-Oxidosqualene-Lanosterol Cyclase in Candida albicans by Pyridinium Ion-Based Inhibitors:
Structure and inhibition mechanism of the catalytic domain of human squalene epoxidase:
Insight into steroid scaffold formation from the structure of human oxidosqualene cyclase:
Lanosterol Biosynthesis Pathway:
Structural Analysis of CYP2R1 in Complex with Vitamin D3:
PDB Codes
1DQA – HMG-CoA Reductase
1HWK – HMG-CoA Reductase
1DQ9 – HMG-CoA Reductase
3WC9 – Squalene Synthase
3WEJ – Squalene Synthase
6C6N – Squalene Epoxidase
6C6P – Squalene Epoxidase
6C6R – Squalene Epoxidase
1W6K – 2,3-Oxidosqualene Cyclase
1W6J – 2,3-Oxidosqualene Cyclase
3C6G – Vitamin D-25 Hydroxylase
