Vitamin D Supplements for Prevention of Covid-19 or other Acute Respiratory Infections: a Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial (CORONAVIT)
December 2020 to June 2021
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.22271707v1
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04579640
Randomly assigned 6200 U.K. adults
postal finger-prick 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) test
provision of a 6-month supply of vitamin D
to those with blood 25(OH)D concentration less than 75 nmol/L
3,200 IU/day, n = 1,356
800 IU/day, n = 1,334
No offer of testing or supplementation, n = 3,100
Outcomes
Proportion of participants experiencing at least one swab test- or doctor-confirmed acute respiratory infection (ARI) of any cause
Incidence of swab test-confirmed Covid-19
RESULTS
2,690 (86.8%) had 25(OH)D less than 75 nmol/L
Experienced at least one ARI of any cause
Higher dose group
76 (5.0%)
Lower dose group
87 (5.7%)
No offer group
136 (4.6%)
OR
higher-dose vs. no-offer, 1.09
lower-dose vs. no-offer, 1.26
Diagnosed with covid
Higher dose group
45 (3.0%)
Lower dose group
55 (3.6%)
No offer group
78 (2.6%)
CONCLUSIONS
Implementation of a test-and-treat approach to correcting sub-optimal vitamin D status in the U.K. population was safe and effective in boosting 25(OH)D concentrations of adults with baseline concentrations less than 75 nmol/L.
However, this was not associated with protection against all-cause ARI or Covid-19.
Incidence of hospitalization for ARI was low, and we therefore lacked power to detect an effect of the intervention on severity of Covid-19 and other ARIs.
Pre-infection 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and association with severity of COVID-19 illness
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0263069
Objective
Examines if, and to what degree, a relationship exists between pre-infection serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and disease severity and mortality due to SARS-CoV-2
Participants
April 7th, 2020 and February 4th, 2021
Galilee Medical Center (GMC) in Nahariya, Israel
Positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests
Historical 25(OH)D levels measured 14 to 730 days prior to the positive PCR test.
Design
Patients admitted with COVID-19 were categorized according to disease severity and level of 25(OH)D.
deficient, insufficient, adequate, high-normal
Isolated influence of the sinusoidal pattern 25(OH)D changes
Results
Of 1,176 patients admitted, 253 had records of a 25(OH)D level prior to COVID-19 infection
In patients with the severe or critical disease
87.4% had lower vitamin D levels, less than 20 ng/mL
In patients with mild or moderate disease
34.3% had lower vitamin D levels, less than 20 ng/mL
p less than 0.001
Patients with Vit D less than 20ng/ml versus patients with more than 40 ng/ml
Patients with lower vitamin D levels were 14 times more likely to have severe or critical disease
p less than 0.001
Conclusions
Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, pre-infection deficiency of vitamin D was associated with increased disease severity and mortality.
