The biosynthesis of niacin (nicotinic acid; nicotinamide) also known as vitamin B3. It is required for producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).
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References and Resources:
NAD Biosynthesis: Identification of the Tryptophan to Quinolinate Pathway in Bacteria:
Crystal structure of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: Catalytic mechanism of O2 incorporation by a heme-containing dioxygenase:
High-resolution structures of inhibitor complexes of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 in a new crystal form:
Catalytic Triad:
Structures of bacterial kynurenine formamidase reveal a crowded binuclear zinc catalytic site primed to generate a potent nucleophile:
Biochemical identification and crystal structure of kynurenine formamidase from Drosophila melanogaster:
Crystal Structure of Helicobacter pylori Formamidase AmiF Reveals a Cysteine-Glutamate-Lysine Catalytic Triad:
Structural Basis for Inhibitor-Induced Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase:
Structural and mechanistic basis of differentiated inhibitors of the acute pancreatitis target kynurenine-3-monooxygenase:
NAD Deficiency, Congenital Malformations, and Niacin Supplementation:
Structure, Mechanism, and Substrate Specificity of Kynureninase:
Crystal Structure of Homo Sapiens Kynureninase:
Crystal Structure of the Homo sapiens Kynureninase-3-Hydroxyhippuric Acid Inhibitor Complex: Insights into the Molecular Basis Of Kynureninase Substrate Specificity:
Human 3- hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (3HAO) dynamics and reaction, a multilevel computational study:
Structural Studies on 3-Hydroxyanthranilate-3,4-dioxygenase: The Catalytic Mechanism of a Complex Oxidation Involved in NAD Biosynthesis:
Adapting to oxygen: 3-Hydroxyanthrinilate 3,4-dioxygenase employs loop dynamics to accommodate two substrates with disparate polarities:
Structural and Kinetic Characterization of Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase (hQPRTase) from Homo sapiens:
A new function for a common fold: the crystal structure of quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase:
Crystal structure of quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a potential TB drug target:
Biochemical characterization of quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and inhibition of its activity by pyrazinamide:
Nicotinamide Riboside and Nicotinic Acid Riboside Salvage in Fungi and Mammals: Quantitative Basis for Urh1 and Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Function in NAD+ Metabolism:
PDB Codes
Niacin
6E46 – Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase
4E15 – Kinurenine Formamidase
4E14 – Kinurenine Formamidase
4CZ1 – Kinurenine Formamidase
2E21 – Kinurenine Formamidase
3E9K – Kinureninase
5X68 – Kinurenine-3-monooxygenase
5N7T – Kinurenine-3-monooxygenase
1YFW – 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3,4-dioxygenase (HAAO)
6CD3 – 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3,4-dioxygenase (HAAO)
2QNK – 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3,4-dioxygenase (HAAO)
1QAP – Quinolinic acid Phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT)
1QPR – Quinolinic acid Phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT)
