Vitamin K (phytomenadione)
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Characteristics
Synonyms
Vitamin K1 (phytomenadione, phytonadione, or phylloquinone)
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone)
Active form: vitamin K hydroquinone; activation occurs via enzyme epoxide reductase
Sources
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Leafy green vegetables (vitamin K1)
Eggs, dairy, and meat (vitamin K2)
Synthesized in small amounts by intestinal flora
Storage: liver
Functions
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Cofactor for γ-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in vitamin-K-dependent proteins that are involved in
Coagulation: factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X, proteins C and S
Bone formation: osteocalcin (bone Gla protein), matrix Gla protein
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