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Vaccine Breakthroughs Put Covid Protection Within Reach
As of November 2020
Vaccines give broad parts of the population some level of immunity and are considered crucial to ending the pandemic. They also take longer to develop, in part because they must be proven to be extremely safe since they’re given to healthy people. There are currently more than 210 coronavirus vaccines in development, according to the World Health Organization. And while some researchers say a shot could be ready for emergency use by the end of the year, others say it could take far longer.
Company: Sichuan Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Dynavax Technologies Corp., GlaxoSmithKline Plc.
Vaccine Name: SCB-2019
Progress: Phase 1
Clover Biopharmaceuticals, of Chengdu, China, in collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline, grows proteins resembling the virus’s spike protein in a mammalian cell culture and injects them into muscles to trigger an immune response.
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Closely-held Clover started testing a vaccine in mid-June. Initial results from the 150-person study are expected by September, according to collaborator Dynavax Technologies Corp. A late-stage efficacy study is targeted for year-end.
Company: CureVac
Vaccine Name: Unnamed candidate
Progress: Phase 1
Like those from Moderna, Pfizer and BioNTech, CureVac’s shot packages coronavirus-fighting messenger RNA in tiny particles that look to the body like cholesterol.
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The German government bought a $344 million stake in the biotech company in June, after speculation the U.S. was looking to buy the business or its technology. Soon thereafter, CureVac launched a phase 1 trial in 168 patients in Belgium and Germany. In August, it announced preliminary plan to supply up to 405 milion doses to EU states.
Company: Imperial College London
Vaccine Name: Unnamed candidate
Progress: Phase 1
When injected, the RNA vaccine candidate delivers genetic instructions to muscle cells to make the “spike” protein on the surface of the coronavirus.
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Researchers have received U.K. funding and have begun human trials. In July, Imperial College London announced it was expanding its trial to additional sites.
Company: Merck & Co.
Vaccine Name: V591, V590
Progress: Phase 1
Merck’s two vaccine candidates employ exisiting technology behind a measles virus vector platform discovered by the Institut Pasteur and its own Ebola shot, respectively.
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Merck’s candidate that uses a measles virus vector platform began human trials in September. Its other experimental vaccine, using technology employed in its Ebola shot, will go into human studies imminently. Merck says it doesn’t want to have the first available shot, but the one with the greatest global impact.
Company: Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline Plc
Vaccine Name: Unnamed candidate
Progress: Phase 2
Sanofi is working on a vaccine using technology already employed in one of its flu vaccines, which could speed development and production.
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In September, Sanofi and Glaxo launched human studies at sites across the U.S. Operation Warp Speed has agreed to provide as much as $2.1 billion to the companies to support clinical trials and manufacture an initial 100 million doses, with an option for another 500 million shots. The EU and U.K. have also clinched deals.
Company: Arcturus Therapeutics Holdings Inc., Duke-NUS Medical School
Vaccine Name: LUNAR-COV19
Progress: Phase 2
Arcturus and Duke-NUS are developing a single-dose messenger RNA vaccine.
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The California biotechnology company has supply agreements in Israel and Singapore. Arcturus’s shot may work at lower doses than other mRNA vaccines, making it easier to manufacture in bulk. Early results from a phase 1 study disappointed some critics who were hoping to see antibody responses that were similar or better than the leading shots, though immune responses may deepen over time.
Company: Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Vaccine Name: INO-4800
Progress: Phase 2
Inovio’s experimental vaccine uses DNA to activate a patient’s immune system.
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Inovio says an early trial showed positive immune responses but investors complained about a lack of detail. In November, the first part of a phase 2/3 study was given the go ahead after being put on partial hold by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Canadian government announces deal with two leading covid-19 vaccine candidates – as a result the federal government has now secured access to six leading vaccine candidates…
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