Scientists take the part of the virus’s genetic code which builds the distinctive ‘spike protein’ on its surface..
These genetic instructions are placed in a fat droplet, which is injected into the patient..
Patient’s immune cells make the spike protein, so their body can recognise it. This protein allows the virus to latch on to protein receptors on human cells, so it can get inside and spread through the body..
Called into action by this spike protein, the immune system produces antibodies which stop the virus getting cells, and T-cells which destroy infected cells T-cells..
If that person ever meets the coronavirus, these antibodies and T-cells will fight it off in exactly the same way.
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