The Recent Emergence of Coronavirus Infections have killed thousands of people worldwide and has caused a great deal of fear. Many human viral, bacterial, and fungal infections occur simultaneously and the presence of more than one pathogen increases the morbidity and mortality of the infections.
Empirical antifungal therapy was first administered almost 50 years ago for treatment of haematology patients at high risk of developing invasive fungal disease, Opportunistic infections following respiratory viral infections has been recognized since the 1918 influenza pandemic.
Although the vast majority of COVID-19 cases are mild to moderate, approximately 15% of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 require hospitalization and supplementary oxygen, and 5% of patients develop critical disease with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and require ICU admission. ARDS may also be a consequence of infections with other respiratory viruses, like influenza, where invasive pulmonary aspergillosis/histoplamosis (IPA) occurs in up to one-third of critical ill patients.
Although the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not completely understood, it is plausible that immune dysregulation and lung damage stemming from COVID-19 immunopathology facilitate Aspergillus/histoplasmosis superinfection in a way that is at least partially distinct from other respiratory viruses.
From Wuhan, epidemiological studies indicate that invasive fungal infections may occur in between 4–5% of COVID-19 episodes requiring ICU admission. Coinfections of Coronavirus and Fungi fairly common. Several reports have reported coninfection of coronavirus with common fungal infections .
A report of 99 patients hospitalized with coronavirus in Wuhan, China reported that 5 had significantly coninfection with fungi, including 3 with Candida albicans, 1 with Candida glabrata, and 1 with Aspergillus flavus Much more research is need to determine possible relationships of coinfection of coronavirus with other viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Coronavirus infections make lungs more susceptible to mold infections. The Covid-19 Coronavirus is a single stranded RNA virus with high levels of human infectivity and virulence . Covid 19 infections make the lung more susceptible to other lung infections of viruses, bacteria, and fungi by a number of mechanisms including: 1) causing alveolo- interstitial lung lesions which make coinfections more likely , and 2) lowering levels of T lymphocytes, CD4+T, and CD8+T cells which play a major role in immunity . A team of researchers has for the first time discovered hybrid fungus involved in lung infections and are investigating the role of fungi in COVID-19. Several COVID-19 patients have died owing to concomitant infection by Aspergillus.Aspergillus latus, a species of fungus previously found only in soil or plants, has been found for the first time in a hospital environment by an international group of researchers. The group sequenced its genome and discovered that it is actually a hybrid and is up to three times more drug-resistant than the two species from which it derives.
Dr.Praveen K Saxena MBBS DMRD FCMT (Osmania) Clinical Metal Toxicologist Managing Director DrSaxena Integrative Medicine Pvt Ltd &Physician working for social responsibility is the founder and director of the Dr Saxena Integrative Medicine Pvt Ltd a start up recognized by the DIPP Government of India that has developed strategies for developing effective and affordable care for all He considers each patient to be unique, and seek to combine treatment methods in both conventional and biological medicine to formulate protocols that are best suited to the individual patient. He has practiced holistic and integrative medicine for over fifteen years, and worked for over ten years as a Board-Certified specialist in Clinical Metal Toxicology. He has lectured to groups in both orthodox clinical and holistic medicine, both locally and nationally, for a decade He has taught classes at the Medical college as well as at physician education forums like IMA
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