The Green Book
Measles
During 2000- 2018, measles vaccination prevented 23.2 million deaths
73% drop in measles deaths
2018
86% of the world’s children received one dose of measles vaccine by their first birthday
140 000 measles deaths globally, children under the age of five
Vaccine optimism
William Petri, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia
The immune system clears the virus in 99% + of infections
Some may have low levels of virus in the body for up to three months
Not normally infectious after day 10
Immune system fails to clear HIV
SARS-CoV-2 doesn’t mutate as HIV does
SARS-CoV-2 needs its spike protein to be infectious
Antibodies have been proved (in vitro) to bind to the spike protein
Therefore neutralizing the spike protein
Vaccines in clinical trials, generate spike protein antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies could give passive immunity
Seven companies developing MABs
Currently being trial for post exposure protection
May also be effective for treatment
Spike protein has many locations where antibodies can bind
Many vulnerable spots
Therefore, many protein changes in the spike protein would be needed to evade neutralizing antibodies
If there were to be several sike protein mutations it would no longer bind into the ACE-2 receptor anyway
Vaccination science is developed
Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection
Allergic reactions
Use of adjuvants
Operation Warp Speed / Multiple vaccine development
300 million doses of vaccine by January 2021
$ 8 billion
Moderna/NIH, Oxford / AZ, CanSino, Pfizer / Biontech
x 2 to x 4 production of anti-spike neutralizing antibodies
Safety demonstrated already
Phase 3 trials well underway
Manufacturing underway, stockpile ready for the go
Distribution logistics already in place
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