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Stack These 3 Supplements to PROMOTE MUSCLE Growth (Creatine +….) – Thomas DeLauer
Combination of L-Carnitine, Creatine and Leucine
The study published in Nutrition & Metabolism is unique in comparison with most studies conducted on the effect of supplements on Muscle protein synthesis (MPS). In this study, the supplementation was not coupled with any exercise regimen. This highlights the significance of pretty impressive results of this study. In 42 subjects this supplement combination resulted in an increase of lean muscle mass by 1kg after 8 weeks of daily consumption.
There are many ways how this result could have been achieved in this study. Notably, the expression of mTOR protein was increased by 81%. As mTOR is a major stimulant of MPS, its expression likely contributed to the increased muscle mass.
Molecular studies performed in rats propose several mechanisms of MPS stimulation by individual components of this combination. Muscle protein breakdown is hugely dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This is a two-step process where proteins are firstly tagged by ubiquitin and subsequently degraded in big cylindrical proteases where proteins are “cut” into peptides. In a rat model, carnitine was shown to activate the Akt pathway which prevents expression of skeletal muscle-specific ubiquitin, therefore prevents the muscle protein to be degraded.
Supplementation of carnitine leads to an activation of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and down regulates the E3 ligase MuRF1 in skeletal muscle of rats
Akt not only prevents the breakdown of protein, but it also stimulates the protein synthesis by activating mTOR. The mechanism of mTOR promoting MSP is facilitated by activation of ribosomal protein 6, part of a ribosome, an organelle that initiates the translation of DNA into amino acids and subsequently proteins.
Leucine, another component of this supplement combination, is also a potent stimulator of mTOR. Lastly, creatine is the gold standard of muscle protein synthesis. A meta-analysis published in the Journal of Applied Physiology from 2003 compared more than 250 nutritional supplements and their effect on MPS. It reported that creatine is the only effective supplement for stimulating MPS.
In addition to providing the fastest energy substrate (energy required during the first 3 seconds of a sprint is coming from creatine), the involvement of creatine in the mTOR pathway was reported. Also, creatine increases the hydration of the cell. This leads to increased osmotic pressure that is sensed by osmosensors. As the osmotic effect is perceived as a danger for the cell, it stimulates anabolic response.
Creatine Supplementation and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism for Building Muscle Mass- Review of the Potential Mechanisms of Action.
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