What is Vitamin D Deficiency ? || Dr. Ashneet Walia (MD Pathology)
Also called: Hypovitaminosis D, Low Vitamin D
What is vitamin D deficiency?
Vitamin D deficiency means that you are not getting enough vitamin D to stay healthy.
Why do I need vitamin D and how do I get it?
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium. Calcium is one of the main building blocks of bone. Vitamin D also has a role in your nervous, muscle, and immune systems.
You can get vitamin D in three ways: through your skin, from your diet, and from supplements. Your body forms vitamin D naturally after exposure to sunlight. But too much sun exposure can lead to skin aging and skin cancer, so many people try to get their vitamin D from other sources.
How much vitamin D do I need?
The amount of vitamin D you need each day depends on your age. The recommended amounts, in international units (IU), are
Birth to 12 months: 400 IU
Children 1-13 years: 600 IU
Teens 14-18 years: 600 IU
Adults 19-70 years: 600 IU
Adults 71 years and older: 800 IU
Pregnant and breastfeeding women: 600 IU
People at high risk of vitamin D deficiency may need more. Check with your health care provider about how much you need.
What causes vitamin D deficiency?
You can become deficient in vitamin D for different reasons:
You don’t get enough vitamin D in your diet
You don’t absorb enough vitamin D from food (a malabsorption problem)
You don’t get enough exposure to sunlight.
Your liver or kidneys cannot convert vitamin D to its active form in the body.
You take medicines that interfere with your body’s ability to convert or absorb vitamin D
Who is at risk of vitamin D deficiency?
Some people are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency:
Breastfed infants, because human milk is a poor source of vitamin D. If you are breastfeeding, give your infant a supplement of 400 IU of vitamin D every day.
Older adults, because your skin doesn’t make vitamin D when exposed to sunlight as efficiently as when you were young, and your kidneys are less able to convert vitamin D to its active form.
People with dark skin, which has less ability to produce vitamin D from the sun.
People with disorders such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease who don’t handle fat properly, because vitamin D needs fat to be absorbed.
People who have obesity, because their body fat binds to some vitamin D and prevents it from getting into the blood.
People who have had gastric bypass surgery
People with osteoporosis
People with chronic kidney or liver disease.
People with hyperparathyroidism (too much of a hormone that controls the body’s calcium level)
People with sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, or other granulomatous disease (disease with granulomas, collections of cells caused by chronic inflammation)
People with some lymphomas, a type of cancer.
People who take medicines that affect vitamin D metabolism, such as cholestyramine (a cholesterol drug), anti-seizure drugs, glucocorticoids, antifungal drugs, and HIV/AIDS medicines.
Talk with your health care provider if you are at risk for vitamin D deficiency. There is a blood test which can measure how much vitamin D is in your body.
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